1.Black Box Test Design Techniques

(Internal code is not known)

 1. Equivalence Partitioning (EP)

• Divide input data into valid and invalid partitions

• Test one value from each partition
  Example: Age field (1–100)

• Valid: 1–100

• Invalid: <1, >100

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 2. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA)

• Test values at edges of the range

• Errors commonly occur at boundaries
  Example: Range 1–100

• Test: 0, 1, 2, 99, 100, 101

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 3. Decision Table Testing

• Used when multiple conditions affect behavior

• Covers all combinations of conditions
  Example: Login with valid/invalid username & password

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 4. State Transition Testing

• Used when system behavior depends on previous state

• Tests valid and invalid state changes
  Example: ATM → Insert Card → Enter PIN → Withdraw

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 5. Use Case Testing

• Based on user workflows

• Focuses on end-to-end scenarios
  Example: Online shopping flow

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 6. Error Guessing

• Based on tester’s experience

• Guess common problem areas
  Example: Blank fields, special characters, invalid formats

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2️⃣ White Box Test Design Techniques

(Internal code is known)

 1. Statement Coverage

• Ensure every statement is executed at least once

 2. Branch / Decision Coverage

• Ensure every true & false condition is executed

 3. Path Coverage

• Test all possible execution paths

 4. Condition Coverage

• Test each individual condition in a decision

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3️⃣ Experience-Based Techniques

(Relies on tester knowledge)

 1. Exploratory Testing

• Simultaneous learning, test design, and execution

 2. Checklist-Based Testing

• Testing based on predefined checklists

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📌 Quick Interview Summary

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Manual Testing Tutorial: https://techtutorialz.com/category/manual-testing/